Cluj-Napoca is the second-largest city in Romania. Set in the northwestern part of the country, it serves as the capital of Transylvania, a region steeped in myth and folklore. The city's history comes from a mix of populations, including Celts, Slavs, Carpians, and Alans. Back in the 1970s, the communist dictator Ceaușescu added the name "Napoca" to highlight its Roman origins. The city also spent a long period under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, leaving a lasting blend of Romanian and Hungarian cultures. Today, it is an energetic, festive place packed with cultural venues and a large student population.
The Capital of Transylvania
Cluj-Napoca lies in the valley of the Someșul Mic river and borders the Western Romanian Carpathians. On clear days, you can see the peaks in the distance, known for hosting robust wildlife populations that include brown bears and wolves. Religious architecture of every denomination fills the city, shaped by a history of tolerance: Transylvania passed an edict of religious tolerance way back in 1568, allowing the Hungarian community to practice Protestantism freely.
Kick off your walk in the main square, Piața Unirii (Union Square), home to two of the city's signature landmarks. On one side stands St. Michael's Church, one of the finest Gothic churches in the country, featuring a steeple rebuilt in the 19th century. Nearby, check out the ornate column capitals on the Bánffy Palace. Once home to the Austro-Hungarian governors, it now houses the Museum of Art. The square also features an imposing 1902 equestrian statue of Matthias Corvinus, the King of Hungary who was born right here in the city.
A Historic City to See in Romania
The old town of Cluj-Napoca features plenty of period architecture, including the House of Matthias Corvinus, one of the oldest Gothic civil buildings in town, which currently serves as the Art University. Wandering the winding side streets will eventually bring you to the National History Museum of Transylvania. Two remnants of the medieval defensive walls still stand as well: the Tailors' Bastion and the Firemen's Tower. If you want a view of the city from above, head up the hill to the Citadel Gardens, where an old Austro-Hungarian fortress once kept watch over the town.
Green spaces and parks are easy to find around Cluj-Napoca. A top pick is the Romulus Vuia National Ethnographic Park, an open-air museum showcasing traditional Romanian rural life and folklore from the 17th through the 20th centuries. Meanwhile, the Alexandru Borza Botanical Garden, established in 1872, brings together more than 11,000 plant and flower varieties.
When to Go
Late summer, specifically August and September, is the prime time to visit Transylvania to dodge heavy rain and enjoy comfortable temperatures.
How to Get There
Cluj-Napoca sits at the intersection of major European routes like the E60 and E81, along with Highway 13 cutting across Transylvania. You can fly directly into Cluj-Napoca International Airport. Another option is taking a train or bus from other major Romanian cities or nearby Budapest across the border in Hungary.